簡介

聚碳(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)是在分子鏈(lian)中含有碳(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)的(de)一類高(gao)分子化(hua)合物的(de)總稱，英文(wen)名Polycarbonate, 簡稱PC。PC是一種無(wu)定型、無(wu)臭、無(wu)毒、高(gao)度(du)透(tou)(tou)明的(de)無(wu)色(se)或微黃色(se)熱(re)塑性工程塑料。聚碳(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)是一種新型的(de)熱(re)塑性塑料，透(tou)(tou)明度(du)達90%，被(bei)譽為透(tou)(tou)明金屬。剛硬而有韌性，具有高(gao)抗沖擊性，高(gao)度(du)的(de)尺寸穩(wen)定性和(he)范(fan)圍(wei)很寬的(de)使用溫度(du)，良好(hao)的(de)絕緣性及耐熱(re)性和(he)無(wu)毒性。

屬性及鑒別

聚(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯燃(ran)燒(shao)特性：慢燃(ran)，離火后慢熄，火焰(yan)呈(cheng)黃色，黑煙(yan)碳束(shu)。燃(ran)燒(shao)后塑(su)料熔融，起泡(pao)，發出特殊(shu)的花果臭(chou)氣味。聚(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯比(bi)重(zhong)1.20，透(tou)明，本色呈(cheng)微黃。

聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能：聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)通過共(gong)聚，共(gong)混(hun)，增強等途徑發展了很(hen)(hen)多改性(xing)(xing)(xing)品種。聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)是抗沖擊(ji)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)為一般熱塑料之(zhi)冠，尺(chi)寸(cun)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)很(hen)(hen)好．耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)教好，可在-60～120度下長期使(shi)用，熱變溫度130～140玻璃化溫度149度熱分解(jie)大于(yu)310度．聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)小，玻璃溫度高，吸(xi)水(shui)率低，收(shou)縮率小，尺(chi)寸(cun)精度高，對光穩(wen)定(ding)，耐(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好．熔(rong)融粘度和(he)注射(she)溫度降(jiang)低，因而易于(yu)加(jia)工成形(xing)。聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)與此20~40%的(de)ABS樹(shu)脂(zhi)共(gong)混(hun)后，具有(you)優良的(de)綜(zong)合性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，它既有(you)聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)高機(ji)械強度和(he)耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)，又具有(you)ABS的(de)流動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，便于(yu)加(jia)工的(de)特點，各項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)標大都介于(yu)聚碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)和(he)ABS之(zhi)間

加工(gong)方(fang)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途聚(ju)(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)業制(zhi)品，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來代(dai)替金屬及其它(ta)合(he)金，在機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)業上作耐沖(chong)擊(ji)及高(gao)(gao)強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)零部件。玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)增強聚(ju)(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯具(ju)(ju)有(you)類似金屬的(de)(de)(de)特性，可(ke)(ke)(ke)代(dai)替銅(tong)，鋅，鋁等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)件。聚(ju)(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)注(zhu)(zhu)射成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)，擠(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)，吹(chui)塑(su)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)，旋(xuan)轉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)，真空成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)和(he)(he)溶劑鑄(zhu)造膜(mo)片等技術(shu)。制(zhi)件還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)，常(chang)溫(wen)沖(chong)孔，鋸切(qie)及焊接和(he)(he)粘(zhan)合(he)。聚(ju)(ju)碳酸(suan)(suan)酯樹脂的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)(zhu)射成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)，一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)螺桿式注(zhu)(zhu)射機(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)。料筒溫(wen)度(du)：250~320℃，注(zhu)(zhu)射壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)：50～80MPa，模具(ju)(ju)溫(wen)度(du)：85~120℃，螺桿轉速：40～60次/min，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品熱(re)處理：先(xian)在100～105℃的(de)(de)(de)烘(hong)箱中(zhong)烘(hong)烤10分(fen)鐘，然(ran)(ran)后在120～125℃再烘(hong)烤30分(fen)鐘，自然(ran)(ran)冷(leng)卻到常(chang)溫(wen)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)。PC可(ke)(ke)(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)塑(su)、擠(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)、模壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、吹(chui)塑(su)、熱(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型、印刷、粘(zhan)接、涂覆(fu)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)加工(gong)，最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)方(fang)法是注(zhu)(zhu)塑(su)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型之(zhi)前必須預干(gan)燥，水分(fen)含量(liang)應(ying)(ying)低于(yu)(yu)0.02%，微量(liang)水份在高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)下加工(gong)會(hui)使制(zhi)品產(chan)生(sheng)白濁色澤，銀絲和(he)(he)氣泡，PC在室溫(wen)下具(ju)(ju)有(you)相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)強迫(po)高(gao)(gao)彈(dan)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)能力(li)。沖(chong)擊(ji)韌性高(gao)(gao)，因此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)進(jin)行(xing)冷(leng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，冷(leng)拉(la)，冷(leng)輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等冷(leng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型加工(gong)。擠(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PC分(fen)子量(liang)應(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)(yu)3萬，要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)漸變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮型螺桿，長徑比1：18~24，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮比1：2.5，可(ke)(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)擠(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)吹(chui)塑(su)，注(zhu)(zhu)-吹(chui)、注(zhu)(zhu)-拉(la)-吹(chui)法成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)，高(gao)(gao)透明瓶子。

優/缺點

聚(ju)碳酸酯，具有優良的(de)物理機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，尤(you)其是(shi)耐(nai)沖(chong)擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)優異，拉(la)伸強度(du)(du)、彎曲強度(du)(du)、壓縮強度(du)(du)高；蠕變性(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)，尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定(ding)；具有良好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)低溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)較寬(kuan)的(de)溫度(du)(du)范圍內具有穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，電性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和阻燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)，可在(zai) -60~120℃下長(chang)期(qi)使用；無明顯(xian)熔點，在(zai) 220-230℃呈(cheng)熔融狀態；由于分子(zi)鏈(lian)剛性(xing)(xing)(xing)大，樹脂熔體粘度(du)(du)大；吸(xi)水(shui)率小(xiao)，收縮率小(xiao)，尺(chi)寸精度(du)(du)高，尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，薄膜透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)；屬自熄(xi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材料；對光穩(wen)定(ding)，但(dan)不耐(nai)紫外光，耐(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)；耐(nai)油、耐(nai)酸、不耐(nai)強堿、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)酸及胺(an)、酮(tong)類(lei)，溶于氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)烴類(lei)和芳香族溶劑，長(chang)期(qi)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)易(yi)引起水(shui)解和開裂，缺點是(shi)因抗疲勞強度(du)(du)差(cha)(cha)，容易(yi)產(chan)生應力開裂，抗溶劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)(cha)，耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)欠佳。